Anxiety is a natural part of life. It alerts us to potential threats, motivates us to prepare, and helps us stay cautious in unfamiliar situations. However, when feelings of worry become persistent, overwhelming, and difficult to control, they may indicate something more than everyday stress. One of the most common conditions related to this is Generalised Anxiety Disorder (GAD).

Unlike temporary anxious feelings that come and go, GAD remains and often affects day-to-day functioning, relationships, and overall well-being. Understanding what GAD is, what causes it, and how it can be treated is the first step towards finding relief and regaining balance in life. Let’s discuss.

What is Generalised Anxiety Disorder?

Generalised anxiety disorder is characterised by excessive, uncontrollable worry about a variety of everyday situations. People living with GAD often describe their worries as constant and overwhelming, even when there is no clear reason to feel anxious.

For example, an individual may worry about health, work performance, family, or finances to such an extent that it interferes with their ability to focus and relax. Unlike specific phobias, which are tied to a particular object or situation, GAD involves broad and persistent worries that span different aspects of life.

Common Symptoms of GAD

Symptoms of Generalised Anxiety Disorder

Below are the common symptoms that define GAD.

Persistent worry that feels out of proportion to actual events
Restlessness or feeling on edge
Difficulty concentrating or staying focused
Sleep disturbances
Fatigue despite adequate rest
Physical symptoms such as muscle tension, headaches, or stomach discomfort

These symptoms often persist for months, and in many cases, years, making it difficult for individuals to carry out daily responsibilities with ease.

What Causes General Anxiety Disorder?

The exact cause of GAD is not fully understood, but below are some of the combination of factors that are responsible for this.

1. Biological factors

Genetics: Individuals with a family history of anxiety disorders are more likely to develop GAD.
Brain Chemistry: Imbalances in neurotransmitters such as serotonin and dopamine may contribute to heightened anxiety responses.

2. Psychological factors

Personality traits: People who are naturally more cautious, self-critical, or perfectionistic may be more vulnerable to GAD.
Thinking patterns: Those who tend to overthink, expect the worst, or struggle to manage uncertainty often experience more intense anxiety.

3. Environmental factors

Stressful life events: Trauma, loss, or chronic stress can trigger or worsen anxiety symptoms.
Childhood experiences: Growing up in an environment where worry, unpredictability, or criticism was common may increase risk later in life.
Lifestyle factors: Poor sleep, lack of exercise, and excessive caffeine or alcohol consumption can intensify symptoms.

In most cases, GAD is the result of multiple interacting influences rather than a single identifiable cause.

The Impact of Generalised Anxiety Disorder

Living with GAD can be exhausting. Persistent worry often overshadows moments of calm or joy. It can strain relationships, affect productivity at work, and affect overall physical health.

Chronic anxiety activates the body’s stress response repeatedly, leading to physical consequences such as digestive issues, weakened immunity, and cardiovascular strain. Over time, untreated GAD can also increase the risk of developing depression.

Recognising the impact of GAD is important because it emphasises that treatment and support are not only beneficial but also important.

Effective Treatment Approaches for GAD

1. Cognitive behavioural therapy

One of the most widely recommended treatments for GAD is cognitive behavioural therapy. This approach helps individuals:

Recognise patterns of negative thinking
Challenge irrational or exaggerated fears
Replace worry-driven thought cycles with healthier, more balanced perspectives
Learn relaxation and coping techniques to manage anxiety in the moment

CBT has shown strong evidence in reducing the intensity and frequency of anxiety symptoms, often leading to long-term improvement.

2. Medication

In some cases, medication may be prescribed alongside therapy. Antidepressants (such as SSRIs) or anti-anxiety medications can help regulate brain chemistry and reduce symptoms. Medication is usually considered when anxiety is significantly interfering with daily life.

3. Lifestyle changes

Small adjustments in daily habits can have a big impact on GAD:

Regular exercise: Physical activity helps release tension and supports overall mental health.
Balanced diet: Reducing caffeine and alcohol can lessen symptoms of anxiety.
Sleep hygiene: Prioritising consistent, quality rest is essential for emotional stability.
Relaxation practices: Techniques such as deep breathing, mindfulness, and meditation can help calm the nervous system.

4. Support systems

Having a supportive network of family, friends, or peer groups can provide comfort and encouragement. Talking about worries openly can lessen the burden and reduce feelings of isolation.

Living Beyond GAD

Recovery from Generalised Anxiety Disorder is not about eliminating anxiety altogether; it is about learning to manage it so it no longer dominates life. Many individuals who seek help find that they can build resilience, improve their coping skills, and rediscover a sense of calm.

It is also important to remember that progress can take time. Patience, consistency, and compassion for oneself are vital parts of the healing journey.

Final Thoughts

Generalised Anxiety Disorder (GAD) is a common yet often misunderstood condition. While it may feel overwhelming, it is not something that has to define your life. With evidence-based treatments like Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT), lifestyle adjustments, and the right support, it is possible to reduce symptoms and live a fulfilling, balanced life.

Taking the first step, whether by learning about the disorder, reaching out for support, or making small lifestyle changes, can open the door to meaningful progress. Remember, seeking help is a sign of strength, and no one has to face anxiety alone.

Prioritise Your Mental Well-Being contact us

If you or someone you know is struggling with persistent worry or anxiety, professional support can make a world of difference. Dr Kavita Deepak-Knights, based in Windsor, Berkshire, offers dedicated psychological sessions to help individuals navigate challenges with care and evidence-based guidance. Reach out today to take that first step towards calm and balance.

What Is Generalised Anxiety Disorder? It’s Causes & Treatment